PLANNING
Planning Processes
There are several models of the planning process. This subject will focus on program as it applies to public or government planning processes.
Definition:
Planning can be approach to problem solving. It provides a systematic way of viewing problems and developing short and long term solutions. It also can be viewed as a decisions making process used to help guide decisions concerning future needs.
Diagram 2 |
In organizations, planning is a management process, concerned with defining goals for company's future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those targets. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may be achievement of certain goals or targets
Diagram 3 |
Main characteristics of planning in organizations are:
Planning increases the efficiency of an organization. It reduces the risks involved in modern business activities. It utilizes with maximum efficiency the available time and resources. The concept of planning is to identify what the organization wants to do by using the four questions which are "where are we today in terms of our business or strategy planning? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? How are we going to get there?..and etc.
Diagram 4 |
One example of planning is operational planning. Operational planning is the process of planning strategic goals and objectives to tactical goals and objectives. It describes milestones, conditions for success and explains how, or what portion of, a strategic plan will be put into operation during a given operational period, in the case of commercial application, a fiscal year or another given budgetary term. An operational plan is the basis for, and justification of an annual operating budget request. Therefore, a five-year strategic plan would typically require five operational plans funded by five operating budgets.
Comments
Post a Comment